最近，美国佐治亚理工学院工程师开发出一种光学整流天线，能把光直接转变成直流电。研究人员认为，这一成果有望提供一种无需制冷的光检测新技术，也能收集废热转化成电力，并最终成为利用太阳能的一条新途径。



该光学整流天线能在5℃到77℃的温度下工作，是以碳纳米管作为天线，捕获阳光或其他光源。当光波撞击纳米管，产生的振荡电荷会通过整流 器，整流器以千兆赫兹的频率开关，产生微小的直流电。虽然目前设备的效率只有1％，但数十亿整流天线排成阵列，就能产生强大电流。



整流天线开发于上世纪六七十年代，一般在10微米左右的波长范围工作，而新的整流天线进入到可见光范围，要求天线和整流二极管足够小，并能 极快地捕获电磁振荡。该校乔治·伍德拉夫机械工程学院副教授巴拉图德·科拉解释说：“整流天线本质上是一个天线配上一个二极管，但到了可见光范围，意味着 用纳米天线配上一个金属—绝缘—金属二极管。天线与二极管之间离得越近，效率就越高。所以，理想的结构是把天线用作二极管中的金属——这就是我们造的结 构。”

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