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美国校车的安全装备


发布时间:2013-08-06   资讯类别: 其它资讯   我要发布

美国校车的安全装备


The school bus safety equipment




警示灯,大约从1946年开始,交通警示信号灯系统开始安装到弗吉尼亚州的校车上。这时的警示灯是一对类似汽车头灯的设备,分别装在汽车的前端与尾部。后来,警示灯的个数从原来的四个增加到八个:前后四个黄褐色信号灯用于提醒人们校车即将停车,四个红色信号灯表示校车正处于停车状态。[8]


About starting in 1946, warning lights, traffic warning lights system started
to install onto the school bus in Virginia. At this time the warning light of
similar car headlights are a pair of devices, installed in the front of the car
and the tail, respectively. Later, the number of warning light increased from
the original four to eight: four amber lights used to remind people before and
after the school bus will stop, four red light means the school bus is in a
state of parking. [8]


停车信号旋臂,在20世纪50年代早期,美国有些州开始要求设置停车信号旋臂,在校车停下时,司机会将位于车身左侧的牌子旋开,以警告他人,校车正处在停车状态中。
"FMVSS"对这一手臂作出了明确规定:必须是双面的标准八角形红色停止标牌,其宽度至少要达到17.7英寸,同时嵌有白边以及白色大写字母“STOP”字样。该标牌必须是具有反向反射功能或者是具有交替闪烁功能的红色发光体。当然,也可以借助发光二极管,以大写的“STOP”字样闪烁的方式代替上述办法。


Stop signals spiral arms, in the early 1950 s, some states began requiring
set stop signals the arms, at the bus stop, the driver will be located on the
left side of the car body unscrew the brands, to warn others, the school bus is
in a state of parking. "FMVSS" made specific provision: the arm must be double
standard octagonal red STOP sign, its width must be at least 17.7 inches, and
white and white caps are embedded with the words "STOP". The badge must be has
the reverse reflection function or with flashing red lights. Can also, of
course, with the aid of light-emitting diodes (leds), with a capital of the word
"STOP" flashing way instead of the above methods.


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此外,法律对这一旋臂的安装位置也作出了明确规定。它必须装在车体左侧,且与车身成直角。同时,标牌的上边沿应当与司机窗户后的**位乘客所在的窗户框架的下边沿相互平行,前者水平切线与后者之间的距离应当控制在6英寸之内;标牌的垂直中心点距车体的距离不能超过9英欢除此之外,法律还规定,应当在校车尾部安装另外一个大小、形状相同的旋臂,但其表面无须印有“STOP”字样。


In addition, the law of the installation position of the arms also made
specific provision. It must be put in on the left side of the car body, and at
right angles to the body. Shall, at the same time, the sign on the edge with the
driver after the window's first under the passenger's window frame edge parallel
to each other, the distance between the horizontal tangent with the latter the
former should be controlled within 6 inches; Sign center of vertical distance
from the car body can't more than 9 the huan in addition, the law also
stipulates that shall be installed at the end of the school bus in the spiral
arms of another size, same shape, but its surface is printed with the word
"STOP".


安全逃生门,美国校车除了上车门之外,在车的尾部,至少留一个车门用于危急情形下乘客的疏散,这个门常被称作“安全门”。当然,车型不同,紧急出口的个数可能存在差异。通常而言,其他的“安全门”会安装在校车顶棚、车窗、车体一侧等位置。当出现紧急情况时,拉动紧急启动门闩,所有的紧急出口都会自动打开。


Security doors, American school bus, except on the doors in the rear section
of the car, for at least one passenger evacuation doors used in critical cases,
the door is often called "exit". Different models of course, the number of the
emergency exits there may be differences. Generally, the rest of the "exit" will
be installed at the side of the bus roof, window, car body etc. When there's an
emergency, pull the emergency start bar, all the emergency exit will open
automatically.


回射标记,美国的诸多州都要求校车车身以及尾部张贴黄色回射线带,以表明车的长度、宽度及高度。在黑夜或恶劣天气,这一特殊材料做成的标记,借助其他车辆的灯光照射就会熠熠闪光,从而引起其他驾驶人员的警觉并为他们正确判断校车的尺寸及位置提供条件。此外,
"FMVSS”第217条要求校车的所有紧急出口处都设置回射标记(可以是黄色、白色或红色),从而为救援人员在黑夜中迅速发现待救人员提供极大便利。


Retroreflection tag, many states require the school bus body and the tail
yellow posted back to ray zone, indicating the length, width and height of the
car. In darkness or bad weather, this special material tag, with the help of
other vehicle lighting light will be shining, leading to alert other drivers and
for them to provide conditions for judging correctly the size and location of
the school bus. FMVSS "moreover," article 217 requires all the emergency exit in
the school bus is set retroreflection tag (can be yellow, white or red), thereby
rapidly in the darkness of night for rescue personnel found to save personnel
provide great convenience.


横向手臂,由于校车车头巨大,而且较长,会遮挡司机的视线,因此,当行人、学生靠近校车前端的时候,极易发生危险。基于此,有的州的法律要求校车配备横向手臂。该手臂在学生上下车过程中从校车前端保险杠处伸出,这样就可以保证行人、学生与校车之间保持一定的安全距离。


Horizontal arm, because the school bus car is huge, and longer, can keep out
the line of sight of the driver, therefore, when pedestrians, students close to
the front of the school bus, easy to produce risk. Based on this, some state
laws require school bus equipped with horizontal arm. The arm in the process of
student getting on or off from the bus out of the front bumper, can guarantee
pedestrians, so keep a safe distance between students and the school bus.



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